AI Fundamentals

Lesson 1: What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn. It's not magic – it's math, data, and clever algorithms working together.

Three Types of AI

Try It Yourself

Lesson 2: Machine Learning Basics

Machine Learning (ML) is how we create AI. Instead of programming exact rules, we show the computer examples and let it figure out the patterns.

Three Types of Machine Learning

Your First ML Model (Conceptual)

# Simple ML concept in Python (pseudocode)
                    
# 1. Collect data
data = [
    {"size": 1200, "bedrooms": 2, "price": 250000},
    {"size": 1800, "bedrooms": 3, "price": 350000},
    {"size": 2400, "bedrooms": 4, "price": 450000},
    # ... hundreds more examples
]

# 2. Train model to find pattern
model = MachineLearning()
model.learn_from(data)

# 3. Make predictions
new_house = {"size": 2000, "bedrooms": 3}
predicted_price = model.predict(new_house)
# Result: ~$380,000

# The model learned: price ≈ (size × 150) + (bedrooms × 20000)

Lesson 3: Introduction to Neural Networks

Neural networks are inspired by the human brain. They're made of layers of "neurons" that process information and pass it along, learning complex patterns through connections.

How Neural Networks "See"

Simple Neural Network in Action

# Conceptual neural network for XOR problem
# XOR: Output is 1 only when inputs are different

Input Layer:    [0, 1]  →  Two values

Hidden Layer:   [N1]  [N2]  →  Two neurons process inputs
                 ↓     ↓
                N1 = "Are both inputs high?"
                N2 = "Is at least one input high?"

Output Layer:   [Result]  →  Combines hidden layer outputs
                Result = N2 AND (NOT N1)
                Output: 1 (correct! 0 XOR 1 = 1)

# The network learned this logic through training!

Lesson 4: Deep Learning Explained

Deep Learning uses neural networks with many layers (hence "deep"). These networks can learn incredibly complex patterns, powering everything from ChatGPT to self-driving cars.

Popular Deep Learning Architectures

Lesson 5: How AI Models Learn

Training an AI model is like teaching a student through practice tests. The model makes predictions, checks its answers, and adjusts to improve.

Real Example: Training ChatGPT

Lesson 6: Real-World AI Applications

AI is already transforming every industry. Here's where you'll find it today and what's coming next.